Police in France have begun to make safe eight caches of weapons handed over by Basque separatist group Eta.

At a ceremony in Bayonne on Saturday, Eta passed details of the sites to the authorities in a move signalling the end of the last insurgency in Europe.

Eta killed more than 800 people in some 40 years of violence as it sought to carve out an independent country straddling Spain and France.

The Spanish government called on Eta to apologise to its victims and disband.

Eta declared a ceasefire in 2011 but did not disarm.

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The caches contain 120 firearms, three tonnes of explosives and several thousand rounds of ammunition, according to a spokesman for the Artisans of Peace, the group which mediated between Eta and the French authorities.

Are France and Spain happy?

“The government will not change its position: terrorists cannot expect favourable treatment… much less impunity for their crimes,” Spanish Prime Minister Mario Rajoy said in a statement.

The BBC’s Guy Hedgecoe, in Madrid says the typically cool response from the Rajoy government shows its determination not to be seen to be giving any ground, as well as reflecting the overall scepticism regarding Eta among the political class in Madrid.

Despite its weak position, Eta and its political supporters now want some kind of concession, such as moving prisoners to Basque jails, our correspondent says – but there is no sign the government will allow this.

French Interior Minister Matthias Fekl hailed Saturday’s ceremony as a “major step”.

Meanwhile, thousands of people have joined a pro-Eta rally in Bayonne to mark “Disarmament Day”.

The handover ceremony – the BBC’s Lyse Doucet in Bayonne

A simple ceremony in a city hall ended Eta’s campaign for independence. In an elegant, high-ceilinged room, five people sat around a table as early-morning light filtered through the drapes.

Bayonne Mayor Jean-Rene Etchegaray welcomed them to a “moment we have all been waiting for”. After a few speeches, French Basque environmentalist Txetx Etcheverry approached the table with a bulky black file. From where I sat, I could see it included photographs as well as text.

The dossier was handed to international witnesses. French security forces discreetly secured the area and the Spanish government raised no objections to the ceremony going ahead.

Ram Manikkalingam of the International Verification Commission called it a “new model of disarmament and verification which emerged from Basque society”.

What is Eta?

The group was set up more than 50 years ago in the era of Spanish dictator General Franco, who repressed the Basques politically and culturally.

Eta’s goal was to create an independent Basque state out of territory in south-west France and northern Spain.

Its first known killing was in 1968, when a secret police chief was shot dead in the Basque city of San Sebastian.

France and Spain refuse to negotiate with Eta, which is on the EU blacklist of terrorist organisations.

How did we get here?

Slowly, and with many false starts.

Eta used parts of south-western France as a base, even though most of its operations were against Spanish targets in Spain. The group has, however, killed some French policemen, but mostly during police raids on members of the group.

Eta’s first ceasefire was in 1998, but collapsed the following year. A similar declaration in 2006 only lasted a matter of months, ending when Eta bombed an airport car park, killing two people.

Four years later, in 2010, Eta announced it would not carry out further attacks and in January 2011, it declared a permanent and “internationally verifiable” ceasefire but refused to disarm.

In recent years, police in France and Spain have arrested hundreds of Eta figures and seized many of its weapons.

Eta’s political wing, Herri Batasuna, was banned by the Spanish government, which argued that the two groups were inextricably linked.